SIGMA: A mobility architecture for terrestrial and space networks.

Internet Protocol (IP) mobility can be handled at different layers of the protocol stack. Mobile IP has been developed to handle mobility of Internet hosts at the network layer. Mobile IP suffers from a number of drawbacks such as the requirement for infrastructure change, high handover latency, high packet loss rate, and conflict with network security solutions. As an alternative solution, a few transport layer mobility protocols have been proposed in the context of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), for example, MSOCKS and TCP connection migration. In this dissertation, a S&barbelow; eamless I&barbelow; P-diversity-based G&barbelow; eneralized M&barbelow; obility Architecture (SIGMA) is described. SIGMA works at the transport layer and utilizes IP diversity to achieve seamless handover, and is designed to solve many of the drawbacks of Mobile IP. It can also cooperate with normal IPv4 or IPv6 infrastructure without the support of Mobile IP. The handover performance, signaling cost, and survivability issues of SIGMA are evaluated and compared with those of Mobile IP. A hierarchical location management scheme for SIGMA is developed to reduce the signaling cost of SIGMA, which is also useful to other transport layer mobility solutions. SIGMA is shown to be also applicable to managing satellite handovers in space. Finally, the interoperability between SIGMA and existing Internet security mechanisms is discussed

UXT at the crossroads of cell death, immunity and neurodegenerative diseases

The ubiquitous expressed transcript (UXT), a member of the prefoldin-like protein family, modulates regulated cell death (RCD) such as apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell death through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), P53, P62, and methylation, and is involved in the regulation of cell metabolism, thereby affecting tumor progression. UXT also maintains immune homeostasis and reduces proteotoxicity in neuro-degenerative diseases through selective autophagy and molecular chaperones. Herein, we review and further elucidate the mechanisms by which UXT affects the regulation of cell death, maintenance of immune homeostasis, and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the possible UXT involvement in the regulation of ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death, and targeting it to improve cancer treatment outcomes by regulating cell death and immune surveillance

Survivability Evaluation of SIGMA and Mobile IP

Mobile IP has been developed by IETF to handle mobility of Internet hosts at the network layer. Mobile IP suffers from a number of drawbacks, one of which is low survivability due to single-point failure of Home Agents. In our previous study, Seamless IP diversity based Generalized Mobility Architecture (SIGMA) was proposed to support low latency, low packet loss IP mobility. In this paper, we show that the location management scheme used in SIGMA can enhance the survivability of the mobile network. We develop an analytical model to evaluate the survivability of SIGMA as compared to that of Mobile IP. Numerical results have shown the improvement in system response time and service blocking probability of SIGMA over Mobile IP in practical environments under the risk of hardware failures and distributed DoS attacks. I

Hierarchical location management for transport layer mobility

Abstract — IP mobility can be handled at different layers of the protocol stack. Mobile IP has been developed to handle mobility of Internet hosts at the network layer. As an alternative solution, a number of transport layer mobility protocols have been proposed. However, the location management schemes used in these transport layer solutions are not suitable for frequent mobile handovers due to user’s high mobility. In this paper, we propose HiSIGMA, a hierarchical location management scheme for transport layer mobility schemes. We used an analytical model to evaluate HiSIGMA using signaling cost as the performance measure, followed by comparison of the signalling cost of HiSIGMA and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (an enhancement of Mobile IP) and existing transport layer mobility solutions. I

NAG 3-2922.

SCTP has recently been standardized as a new transport layer protocol in the IP protocol suite. SCTP is based on the TCP protocol, but incorporates a number of advanced and unique features which are not available in TCP. The work reported in this article was funded b